Tag Archives: language

<< The Ambiguating Languages of Stat, Status, Statistic >>


To love automation is to love statistics; unwavering, unquestioned, unambiguously and as purely wholesome?

In 1749 the “Summarisk Tabell” or the first  “systematic collection of statistics” was architectured by the Swedish government and its “Tabellverket” which means ‘tabular work.’ In this context  it became to mean their office for tabulation and was entitled Statistiska centralbyrån’ or the Swedish Central Bureau of Statistics (The Joy of Stats 2010: 12:10)

Spiegelhalter rationally reminds us that statistics used to be called “political arithmetic”. (Ibid: 14:24).

Statistics is etymologically related to the Latin word “status.” In turn, this directly links to the concept of “political state”. The statista, or statesmen, were/are probably more skilled in affairs of state, unveiling and organizing resources for they who were controlling and running the state, than skilled in the measurement or probability via numerical accuracy. They were skilled toward the industrialization of the resources of the state. “In what way is the status ‘a’ changin’?,” might here then be a concern in favor of status rather than too much in favor of change and too many outliers. Is then (social) innovation at all times looked upon with eagerness?

This historical awareness is allowing one possible dimension in continuing processes of (mis)understanding of what was then a drive for increased control and perceived decrease of misunderstanding of (their) populations.

It is however not history alone. Similar centers of power are at play today. They might be nation states. They might be transnational. They might be known as corporate entities or (private) financial institutions. Please note, one does not need to loose track into any conspiracy theorizing to identify these. By the way, the latter I sense as a conspiracy-of-the-self against the self, by using hyperambiguating narratives (aka conspiracies) as a blindfold of what is (is as “realities”) versus what is-imagined. The real(s) is(are) “fantastical” enough (to me).

Returning back to the above referenced video —hosted by the delightful, energetic and sadly late Professor Rosling— it continues in unveiling the 19th century popular excitement for statistical (visualized) facts. Today, with a popular engrossment with distrust as a proverbial spoon, excitement is stirring up and thinning down statistical fact. We could note that by questioning our present-day versions of feudal masters we might also be deconstructing our own tools to enable us to question the same (a “conspiracy of the “self” serving the “self”?). The false linear dichotomy is as disenfranchising as any side of this faux-2D plastic coin: “Ambiguate all and thy shall be ruled through your fog. Disambiguate all and they shall be hammered and tyrannized.

As with statistics, automation too could be controlling and enabling, rational and mesmerizing. Logos and pathos. Enlightening and clouding. liberating and enshackling; …ad infinitum and gone immediately. While ethos might have been sulking in the corner.

In light of enablement and increasing both awareness and voice, W.E.B Du Bois’ work, for instance, is still an awe-inspiring and humbling exemplar, especially to the statistically-privileged and exnominated samples within the larger and diverse human population.


Automation could be interpreted as an applied extension of statistical control and narrowing of understanding by means of repurposing, appropriating and regurgitating the statistical styles of the most likely/ed (resources).

Automation, as statistics, was initially not invested into with the aim of democratization. It was a matter of control, understanding, and increase of efficiencies toward a more desired return for those who initiated and enabled the creation, architecturing and implementation.

The needed “ambiguation” (here meaning: pluralization, nuancing, modding and jailbreaking of meaning, relation, intent, application, usage, etc.) of initial intent by diversification and decentralization of intent(s), could best be seen as a process rather than an opposition against a more popular idea of a fixed denotation of language (this latter which I would prefer not subscribing to too rigidly either).

Riding yet another vector: statistics applications could be cannibalizing statistics. This could be seen as one type of ambiguation. Clear information through the lens of statistics is undone by automated diffusing statistical probabilities, possibly waging siege (with mal-, mis- and dis-information as arsenals) against initiatives aiming to unveil the incorrect and (almost) unconscious, biased “stats” we impose, as people, onto ourselves (and others). This latter too can be seen as yet another type of ambiguation. Herewith might come to mind such initiatives as Gapminder (see Rosling), Our World in Data, The Deep, etc. These are initiatives in counterattack against conspiracies, scaled bias, systemic mis-, mal- and dis-informing/conception (…and yet, brittle these aforementioned initiatives are as well).

Automation and statistics are not inherently, nor complacently, democratizing, freeing, nor enlightening. There is nothing inherently socio-historically linear nor monolithic about these. They can be and have been historically invented and applied as such though. They are/should neither (be) a fait accompli to defining your acts, relations nor realities. There must be vigilant, at times incessant, work and a labor of citizen love.

It might be felt as a real-time theater play with the actors Ambiguous and Disambiguous, in the starring roles portraying luscious eroticism between fact and fuzz, creating worlds as stages for realities re-re-formed.

References

animasuri’23. (2022). Data in, fear and euphoria out. (Blog). https://www.animasuri.com/iOi/?p=3480

animasuri’23. (2023). Learning is Relational Entertainment; … (blog).  https://www.animasuri.com/iOi/?p=4442

Aschenwall, Gottfried. (1748). Vorbereitung zur Staatswissenschaft der heutigen fürnehmsten europäischen Reiche und Staaten.

Battle-Baptiste, W., Du Bois, W.E. B., Rusert, B. (2018). W.E.B Du Bois’s data portraits. visualizing Black America. Princeton Architectural Press.

Dehbozorgi, Alireza. (2023). LinkedIn post: “”Language is an instrument of political and social domination. From ancient China to Europe, the number of words and languages one mastered were signs of belonging to an elite. Artificial intelligence is reshaping the linguistic landscape. An interview with linguist Stefanie Ullmann, machine learning specialist Omolabake Adenle, and philosopher Marc Crepon.” from: ARTE.tv Documentary. (2023). AI and Language

Gapminder  https://ourworldindata.org/

Rosling, H. (2010). IN: Hillman, D, et al. (2010). The Joy of Stats with Professor Hans Rosling.  (Video) BBC & Wingspan Production via Gapminder  last retrieved on May 8, 2023 from https://vimeo.com/18477762

Rosling, H., Rosling Ronnlund, A. (2018). Factfulness: Ten Reasons We’re Wrong About the World–and Why Things Are Better Than You Think. Flatiron Books; Later prt. editio

Our World in Data. https://ourworldindata.org/

Sustainable Development Goals Tracker (https://sdg-tracker.org/

The Deep: http://thedeep.io/

van Bergen, Emille. (20223). quoting Marc Crepon “…we basically need to maintain a relationship with language that resists anything aiming to format it, calculate it or program it…” via Dehbozorgi, Alireza. (2023). LinkedIn post

<< Creating Malware: Technology as Alchemy? >>

Engineering —in a naive, idealized sense— is different from science in that it creates (in)tangible artifacts, as imposed & new realities, while answering a need

It does so by claiming a solution to a (perceived) problem that was expressed by some (hopefully socially-supportive) stakeholders. Ideally (& naively), the stakeholders equal all (life), if not a large section, of humanity

Who’s need does ChatGPT answer when it aids to create malware?

Yes, historically the stakeholders of engineering projects were less concerned with social welfare or well-being. At times (too often), an engineered deliverable created (more) problems, besides offering the intended, actual or claimed solution.

What does ChatGPT solve?

Does it create a “solution” for a problem that is not an urgency, not important and not requested? Does its “solution” outweigh its (risky / dangerous) issues sufficiently for it to be let loose into the wild?

Idealized scientific methodology –that is, through a post-positivist lens– claims that scientific experiments can be falsified (by third parties). Is this to any extent enabled in the realm of Machine Learning and LLMs; without some of its creators seen blaming shortcomings on those who engage in falsification (i.e., trying to proverbially “break” the system)? Should such testing not have been engaged into (in dialog with critical third parties), prior to releasing the artifact into the world?

Idealized (positivist) scientific methodology claims to unveil Reality (Yes, that capitalized R-reality that has been and continues to be vehemently debated and that continues to evade capture). The debates aside, do ChatGPT, or LLMs in general, create more gateways to falsity or tools towards falsehood, rather than toward this idealized scientific aim? Is this science, engineering or rather a renaissance of alchemy?

Falsity is not to be confused with (post-positivist) falsification nor with offering interpretations, the latter which Diffusion Models (i.e., text2pic) might be argued to be offering (note: this too is and must remain debatable and debated). However, visualization AI technology did open up yet other serious concerns, such as in the realm of attribution, (data) alienation and property. Does ChatGPT offer applicable synthesis, enriching interpretation, or rather, negative fabrication?

Scientific experiment is preferably conducted in controlled environments (e.g., a lab) before letting its engineered deliverables out into the world. Realtors managing ChatGPT or recent LLMs do not seem to function within the walls of this constructed and contained realm. How come?

Business, state incentives, rat races, and financial investments motivate and do influence science and surely engineering. Though is the “democratization” of output from the field of AI then with “demos” in mind, or rather yet again with ulterior demons in mind?

Is it then too farfetched to wonder whether the (ideological) attitudes surrounding, and the (market-driven) release of, such constructs is as if a ware with hints, undertones, or overtones, of maliciousness? If not too outlandish an analogy, it might be a good idea to not look, in isolation, at the example of a technology alone.

<< Qīngmíng jié >>


.

Qīngmíng jié (清明节 or “Tomb Sweeping Festival”) is upon us. The characters for “Qīngmíng” could literally be translated as “Pure Brightness,” while “jié” can be understood as”festival”.

Of this festival, that has been observed for about 2500 years, I learned that it is held on the fifteenth day of the Spring Equinox, while it is officially celebrated this coming Sunday, Monday and Tuesday (3,4,5 April, 2022).

These are the moments in a Lunar year to remember one’s ancestors.

There is so much to be explored; to be taken note of; to be made into meanings.

.

<< Qīngmíng jié >>

Why not, here and there,
take a moment,
these coming days
engage in
your own locality

offer thought to your mothers, brothers, sisters, fathers, aunts and cousins, nephews and uncles of more and less great-great-grandness

From the leaf, which you represent
on your tree,
to the root and the mycelium,
they relate
to us all

For a split second
don’t translate.
For an instance,
make it your profession

to touch the soil,
under you feet,
with your bare toes
with you finger tips.

Feel the diverse
textures, smoothness, wetness:
the dynamic geometries within
we can universally acknowledge

There, life is one,
there, we all, are
there we are
open-ended

—animasuri’22

.

“Qīngmíng Shànghé Tú”

attached a small crop from the 12th century (960-1279), Sòng Dynasty’s artist 张择端 / Zhāng Zéduān’s Qīngmíng scroll: “Qīngmíng Shànghé Tú” ( 清明上河图 or “Along the River During the Qīngmíng Festival” or “A Picture up the River at Qīngmíng”. The scroll can be studied at the Palace Museum in Beijing).

A digitization of the scroll can be browsed here

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Qīngmíng as a path for Giving Thanks:

Thank you Dr. Walter Sepp Aigner . for enabling me to muse on this rich topic of walking with one’s common, simple, down-to-earth and personal ancestries. One would easily be convinced that you and I are ancestorally “not related”; and yet…

In-Between Languages

Learning and using multiple languages enables one to play in-between the languages. Since I believe (and I am not alone) that languages exist intertwined with cultures, one is hence also playing in-between cultures; perhaps unwittingly so.

…our earliest pets, totems, talisman or mascots?

This in-between interaction enables (at least me and, as I observe, also some others) a form of playful language (usage and construction) that can only exist and be understood by those enabled to be moving in-between them.

At least metaphorically (but I sense this is very practical or pragmatic as well), this is allowing the player to stand on the proverbial door sill. This is in turn allowing the player (limited in this writing here by the highly constraining, linear nature of language constructs, such as sentences in paragraphs) to be looking, at least, at the one language usage on one side and at the other on the other side (if applying the play between two languages only, while multiple language usage is plausible as well). The player then can be “tasting” (and, simultaneously, be creating ) the linguistic mixture, as an observer and producer. The player can do so in-between two or more languages.

This awareness is not particularly new nor is it unique.

For instance, in China’s broadcasts, of its voice radio performance art, one can, at times, listen to wordsmiths playing in-between English and Chinese. For instance, they might use an English word or two that sound like a very different Chinese word. Though, the audience or creators might be “limited” to Mandarin and some basic English, nevertheless, it is just that: a creative fluidity in-between languages (for the moment ignoring the motivation or the perception thereof, in this particular reference).

An example between Dutch and Chinese could be this: “poesje“, which is Dutch for “small cat“. It sounds, via slight shifts in the Dutch pronunciation, as /bu-shi/ , which could, besides conjuring a rude English wording, also be shifted into the Chinese “bù shì” (不是). These two Chinese characters stand for “not” and “is“, or slightly more freely translated, as “not yes“. In turn this could be used to mean something as “not“, “no“, “it isn’t“…

If “bù shì poesje” then what is it?

I sense one can see this activity as an analogy of potential processes and actual evolution in any creation or (in-between) any framework. One might perceive these as experiments of shifts and “perversions” (depending on one’s “political” stance) into innovations or into new and different languages or into potentially new meaning-giving. This could occur, at least, at the level of the individual or in-between a few initiated individuals. This movement could transcode from the absurd into the formal and vice versa.

Is this a movement similar to that one person’s crazy idea that can only become accepted if a second person endorses it (preferably a second person otherwise unassociated with the first person) and then becomes a movement by the undefined masses following it? I now see a thought turned into a (set of meaning-imbued) word(s), turned into a culture.

As a sidenote: 

"Framework" here is meant as a collection of thought creations (e.g. a connection of associated concepts).

For instance, I, as one individual, over my life span, have cognitively collected a number of frameworks. Such Frameworks, I sense, are semiotic and thus have linguistic or meaning-giving features. I perceive them as being cultural in nature.

I feel these, to me, do not simply have to consist of isolated memorized words. I imagine these might consist of unclear networks of not well-defined emotions, blurry definitions, attached to opaque images, other words and fading experiences. In turn these interconnected meaning-giving items are vaguely set into complexes of intuitions.

I feel, for me, these sets form an undefined number of frameworks in my mind. Some seem fluid and temporary while others seem more stubborn and fixated. While some frameworks feel as if overlapping, others are contradictory to one another, adjacent or seemingly entirely unrelated, except then by one attribute: they are my metaphorical constructs in my brain.

I use these frameworks as references to make sense of the world around me; ever so transiently. I also explore the spaces in-between frameworks.

One such framework is my vague and abstract conception of one language; let's say English. Another framework could be another language.

Such a framework could also be my adoption and adaptation of a set of believes one, and one's community, holds or a set of habits, or attributes recognized as memes of one human collective (e.g. a community or a set of ideas held in one's brain), etc. For instance: the Flemish, the Beijingers, the Belgians, the Europeans, The Han, The Asians, The people on the subway, the people in the building I work or those where I live, The people in a news clip, etc.; a set of cultural frameworks.

As another example, a framework I hold could also be built around the concept of "data" or a specific set of data. For instance: the number of people who suffered fatal or other injuries, say, due to road vehicles, let's say in the USA from one specific year to another.

I imagine this in-between play as potentially being an example (with practical implications) of Deleuze’s territorialization, de-territorialization and re-territorialization. Therefor the in-between is always a becoming rather than a being. I also see it as a possible candidate example of fluidity, and of inherent changes that occur beyond one or two or more fixed frameworks one might hold on to (e.g. the use and learning of one language only).

I sense this in-between activity, its existence, the existence of the potential links, the existence of the potential shifts in meaning and usage, are a collection of human output (somewhere floating between being willingly or being serendipitously expressed) which are too often ignored, and I dare state, which might have non-party political consequences.

As a second sidenote: 

"Political" here is meant as how we act as citizens among each other within the "polis"; i.e. the city of our daily activities and power-relations.

I sense these in-between expressions might highlight or unveil or at least create imaginations about power-relations and the shift thereof across languages.

I admit, they make me, rather then perhaps you, think about this. Granted, possibly this tells me more about my own obsessions with power-relations rather than it stating anything substantial or corroborative about what I think to perceive.

That stated, please let us continue to allow the process of potential discovery by means of initially unsubstantiated imagination and naive wonder.

Yes, for the moment I opt to sense that one can best achieve this exploration (either in daily personal experiences and poetics, or as a stepping stone towards rigorous analysis) with and in-between any number of languages and any number of other languages and dialects (yes, dialects, since some claim that “language” is a dialect “with an army”…) .

The experience of an (intangible) in-between space has been on my mind for as long as I remember. Especially the etymology as observable in-between two distinct official languages yet, with some degree of common ancestry.

For instance, the present-day English word ” mascot” or “mascotte” (in Dutch) compared to the Spanish word “mascota“. The latter means “pet” (English) or “huisdier” (Dutch), which again translated to English might make for a (to me) fun new word: “house-animal“…

In a moment of associated digression: Is a couch potato a species of “house-animal“? …

…” My favorite pet is a potato . It likes staying home, lie on the couch and watch a movie. It’s such a house-animal; I enjoy petting my potato.” …

–the pet owner (pulled from my imagination).


potato, “house-animal”

Coming back to the main storyline: one touches on the semantic realm of “talisman” (i.e. “mascot” & “mascotte“) while the other touches on the realm of companionship for a human and this of an animal, other than human (yes, imagine…), for instance, a dog or a tarantula (i.e. “mascota“) .

If we were to dig a bit deeper we could argue that both (“mascotte” and “mascota“) are about companionship yet the intuitively comparable power-relation might be different, or is it?

I am excitingly concerned about how one could achieve this comparison in a quantitative manner, besides my often-faulty yet beloved intuition, which I am presently applying. I also wonder, in a dance with an old polemic, whether we, as humans, should only value the quantitative (notice, please, my stress on ‘only’). For sure, this entire in-between language is not quantatative in nature; it’s pure nurture coming naturally to me. (I hope you can read the serious irony here).

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Coming back to the in-between language play: the word “mascot” can semantically and denotatively (i.e. as being,
in accordance with fact or the primary meaning of a term“) be mapped with the word “talisman” which, in turn, can be mapped with words such as the nouns “charm” or “amulet“.

Some claim that a “mascota” has a “master” (…you still don’t see power-play at play? Think about the use of “pet” in relation to excessive loyalty of an employee to a superior); does a mascot have a master?

In some storytelling I have noticed that some iteration playing with the concept of the talisman also links the mascot to a master, as a pet is to one.

One can see the animation series, based on a game, entitled “Wakfu” for such narrative . In it the character named “Sir Percedal of Sadlygrove” is emboldened by his powerful luck-bringing sword …and as I notice how a charm or talisman is applied in narratives, these are not always charming nor offering good luck at all times. Yes, as could a cat, a mascot can scratch you the wrong way!

The offered mapping with the word “talisman” and with “Wakfu“, mentioned above, might be acceptable if one could allow for an imaginary and literary “good” demon-possessed item to be seen as a “talisman” or as a bringer-of-luck, does then my pet give me extra power?

Some teams do have, for instance, a living pet dog as a mascot. Moreover, and ever so slightly in dissonance, notice that etymologically, the word mascot is claimed to have associations with “witch”, “wizard”, “nightmare”, “mask” and “black”). Are my pets not what they seems to be?

While in “actual” life, I have heard of, someone carrying a plastic chain-restaurant’s spoon to a sports match, believing it allows their favorite team to win, in Wakfu it is, for instance, a consciously possessed sword.

This is obviously fantasy narrative –I mean, Wakfu. Yes, one might consider the above-mentioned spoon equally fantastical. Yet, this latter reference is a factual example. This is while perhaps one might feel more accepting towards a scarf or a never-washed t-shirt instead of a spoon.

By the way, in the spirit of this text, you might like to know that in Wakfu, these demons which posses linearly-practical objects, turning the items into charms of sorts, are called “shushu(s)”. Interestingly–talking about in-between languages– “Shūshu” ( 叔叔), in Chinese, means “uncle“. Besides the obvious family-relation, it is also used as a name of endearment–yes! that’s a “pet name” for ye– to refer to older male individuals who are not actually related by blood. For instance, my children refer to their Chinese school bus driver as Shūshu. Is this now a magic school bus? Perhaps, in a sense, in Wakfu, this is a sword, giving its adventurous user extra power. In effect, this Sir Percedal character, who wields such powerful sword, might have a relationship with this magical sword as if one has a relationship with a pet. The character is at times rather literally defined by the sword, as a sports team is unitingly defined by its mascot. Perhaps as this is as much as a master is defined by their pet and their pet by them (…it is said that the bacteria in one’s body are defined by the kind of pet one nurtures).

Is this where “mascotte” and “mascota” meet?

…maybe not, maybe the perceived link between “mascot” and “mascota” is entirely serendipitous. Or, maybe one can judge it as a negative form of cultural appropriation; but then, which culture is appropriating which (a topic that could use a posting of its own)? Maybe, in similarity with “salary” and “celery” which are sounding rather similar yet, one being healthier and the other being more or less edible (or something of the sort), such serendipity could be sufficient. In truth, I admit, the second meaning of the Spanish word “mascota” is indeed ” the animal that represents a team.” What then are the links between a pet and a mascot?

Cat-headed deity Bastet

Do I believe in mascots as being like a talisman;.. I personally do not; it’s too irrational for my taste. However, I know many out there (e.g. in sports or in brand loyalty) who do. In human (pre)history we can surely uncover this strong and deep-seated conviction (e.g. in Shamanism, in the wearing of a powerful animal’ skin or skeletal parts, etc.). Is it in Shamanism where we could unveil the cross-over between talisman, mascot and pet? One might have heard of animal spirits… Is this where the Pharaohs and their cats lived in-between the world of the “pet” and the world of the “mascota”? Is the trans-language activity allowing us to, more or less easily, shift in-between more than just a linear translation?

Egyptian mummified cats

The relationship and experiences I sense which I could have with a “mascotte” versus that of a “mascota“, versus that of a “pet“, are very different. While arguably “mascota” and “pet” are the “same”, I can guarantee you: I do not perceive them as the same; not at all (besides the rational yet reductionist knowledge they are “translatables” between English and Spanish). I could elaborate yet the feelings are still conflicting and chaotically intertwined as the yarn my cat-companions got their paws on during their not-so-quiet midnight hours.

As a third sidenote: 

I am learning Spanish. The arguments as to why I am can be covered in another posting.

However, this exploration of the in-between aids me to stoke the fire of increased willingness to continue my studies. It also aids me to look deeper and see hints of associations between words, beyond one language alone (...there are links between pets and mascots).

It allows me to slowly but surely unveil my blindness into other languages and areas: Italian: mascotte; Portuguese: mascote‎; Spanish: mascota‎; and to me excitingly surprising even
Polish: maskotka‎.

I imagine that the act of this inter-language play, functions as an object of my imaginary making. I imagine it as my personal talisman. As much as the meaning of "talisman" is that of being an object that completes another object, the linguistic inter-play completes a passion for learning via the ritual of the creative act. The in-between language play increases a sense of playful power, energy (rejuvenation of learning), and perhaps other learning benefits.

Additional reasoning as to why this works for me could be yet another posting.

Another example is the Spanish word “negocio“, which seems to mean “business“. Following, I believe I can claim that “Su negocio” means “(their/her/…) your business” as in, for instance, “their shop“. In English a seemingly similar word exists, “negotiation“. Sure, for both we can follow the thread back to the common source in Latin: negotiari (“to carry on business”), from negotium (“business”).

Nevertheless, one word, the English word “business“, feels –that is, as in the initial moment of my sensation of perceiving some meaning– as it connotes (to me, at least) a fixed point, a done deal. The other, the Spanish word “negocio”, when overshadowed with the English word “negotiation”, superficially connotes (to me) a process; not a done deal. This is all the while, contradictory, the Spanish word in isolation away from the English, could feel to me as referring to someone’s shop, someone’s business; a fixed location. I am confident, as time and thinking passes by, that my sensations might change.

Consecutively and for now, I continue to wonder whether in one or versus a combinatorial language-usage, the business owner might experience to be more confronted with the constant uninterrupted negotiations it takes to maintain a business in relation to many an intrinsic and extrinsic force, support, constraint, potential or many a stakeholder. On the other hand, this is all the while in the other language one (me) might more easily go with an assumption where, following a negotiation, one is “in business“. This feels perhaps as if arrived at a specific point of an almost unquestioned doing and being “in business”. Is one more or less delusional / irrational then the other? Does one lead to more or less entrepreneurial dare and risk taking than the other? I imagine yet, I cannot (yet) know. I do question whether anyone has done any research on differences in perceptions and consequential (in)action compared between (multi-)language groups?

I am noticing some writing, in various media outlets, and in a number of fields (e.g. in topics covering psychology, business, well-being, ethics, leadership, etc) that do mention the effect and affect of language usage on the well-being of one’s self and in-between oneself and others. The co-creation of the poetic experience with real-life consequences is exciting to me, to say the least.

In any case, I have been using this in-between language learning and expression for many years now. I also use it with friends across cultures (e.g. my Chinese friends) . This play seems to be universally sensed. At the least, pragmatically, it has helped to strengthen social bonds through playfulness.

Epilogue: My two cats are wonderful pets and this while they do scratch and destroy, as two little demons of the night. Look at their picture, heading this text! However cute, as far as them being charms or talismans, I am not yet convinced.  In retrospect, instead of having named them Luna and Molly I could have named one Charm and the other Mascota... oh well...